diff --git a/.obsidian/workspace.json b/.obsidian/workspace.json
index 7e3b76a..fe9eb28 100644
--- a/.obsidian/workspace.json
+++ b/.obsidian/workspace.json
@@ -125,30 +125,58 @@
"state": {
"type": "markdown",
"state": {
- "file": "chemistry/Organic Chemistry/Classifying Organic Compounds.md",
+ "file": "biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/3 Classification of Prokaryotes.md",
"mode": "source",
"source": false
},
"icon": "lucide-file",
- "title": "Classifying Organic Compounds"
+ "title": "3 Classification of Prokaryotes"
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{
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+ "id": "c2c49352716e2740",
"type": "leaf",
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"type": "markdown",
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- "file": "root.md",
+ "file": "biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/5 Classification (taxonomy) and Kingdoms.md",
"mode": "source",
"source": false
},
"icon": "lucide-file",
- "title": "root"
+ "title": "5 Classification (taxonomy) and Kingdoms"
+ }
+ },
+ {
+ "id": "709a1e8f27a155ce",
+ "type": "leaf",
+ "state": {
+ "type": "markdown",
+ "state": {
+ "file": "biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/7 Species concepts and Evidence for Relatedness.md",
+ "mode": "source",
+ "source": false
+ },
+ "icon": "lucide-file",
+ "title": "7 Species concepts and Evidence for Relatedness"
+ }
+ },
+ {
+ "id": "5bc17aa775dcac8e",
+ "type": "leaf",
+ "state": {
+ "type": "markdown",
+ "state": {
+ "file": "biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/8 Kingdom Protista.md",
+ "mode": "source",
+ "source": false
+ },
+ "icon": "lucide-file",
+ "title": "8 Kingdom Protista"
}
}
],
- "currentTab": 9
+ "currentTab": 11
},
{
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@@ -332,35 +360,37 @@
"obsidian-git:Open Git source control": false
}
},
- "active": "98f95f8950633718",
+ "active": "5bc17aa775dcac8e",
"lastOpenFiles": [
- "Tasks.md",
- "biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/2 Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells.md",
- "biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/1 Viruses.md",
+ "Assets/Pasted image 20260924105000.png",
+ "biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/8 Kingdom Protista.md",
+ "Assets/Pasted image 20260924105525.png",
+ "Assets/Pasted image 20260924105030.png",
+ "biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/5 Classification (taxonomy) and Kingdoms.md",
+ "biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/7 Species concepts and Evidence for Relatedness.md",
"biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/3 Classification of Prokaryotes.md",
- "biology/Chemistry of Life/Proteins.md",
- "biology/Chemistry of Life/Carbohydrates.md",
- "biology/Chemistry of Life/Elements of Life.md",
- "biology/Chemistry of Life/Lipids.md",
- "biology/Chemistry of Life/Macromolecules.md",
- "biology/Chemistry of Life/Nucleic Acids.md",
- "Hydrocarbons.md",
- "chemistry/Organic Chemistry/Classifying Organic Compounds.md",
- "chemistry/chemistry.md",
- "chemistry/Organic Chemistry/Organic Chemistry.md",
- "chemistry/Organic Chemistry",
- "chemistry/Stoichiometry.md",
- "chemistry/vsepr.md",
- "chemistry/state of matter.md",
- "chemistry/polyatomic ions.md",
- "chemistry/periodic table.md",
- "chemistry/polar molecules.md",
- "chemistry/nomenclature.md",
- "literacy/fallacies.md",
- "biology/biology.md",
- "physics/Electric Force, Field, and Potential/Electric Force, Field, and Potential.md",
+ "biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/2 Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells.md",
+ "biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology.md",
"literacy/buzzwords.md",
- "math/linear algebra.md",
+ "literacy/fallacies.md",
+ "literacy/literacy.md",
+ "biology/Chemistry of Life/Proteins.md",
+ "biology/Chemistry of Life/structure of water and hydrogen bonding.md",
+ "biology/Chemistry of Life/Nucleic Acids.md",
+ "biology/Chemistry of Life/Macromolecules.md",
+ "biology/Chemistry of Life/Lipids.md",
+ "physics/Modern Physics/Bohr Model of Atomic Structure.md",
+ "root.md",
+ "biology/Cell Structure and Function/Membrane Transport.md",
+ "biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/1 Viruses.md",
+ "chemistry/Organic Chemistry/Classifying Organic Compounds.md",
+ "biology/Cell Structure and Function/Origins of Cell Compartmentalization.md",
+ "biology/biology.md",
+ "Hydrocarbons.md",
+ "physics/quantum mechanics.md",
+ "Tasks.md",
+ "biology/Chemistry of Life/Carbohydrates.md",
+ "chemistry/Organic Chemistry",
"Assets/Pasted image 20260915104440.png",
"Assets/Pasted Image 20260911112001_579.png",
"Assets/Pasted image 20260915104456.png",
@@ -376,9 +406,6 @@
"physics/Oscillations",
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- "Assets/Pasted image 20260817123835.png",
- "Assets/Pasted image 20260817121129.png",
- "Assets/Pasted image 20260817121113.png"
+ "Assets/Pasted image 20260819112153.png"
]
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diff --git a/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/1 Viruses.md b/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/1 Viruses.md
index ac19cb6..309d824 100644
--- a/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/1 Viruses.md
+++ b/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/1 Viruses.md
@@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
c[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]]
* Non-living
- * Not capable of surviving on its own
- * Acellular (Not made of cells)
+ * Not capable of surviving on its own.
+ * Acellular.
* No cytoplasm, ribosomes, or membrane bound organelles.
- * Doesn't produce energy.
-* Essentially structures with genetic material (nucleic acid) and protein coating (capsid)
+ * Doesn't produce energy (no metabolism).
+ * No self reproduction.
+ * No homeostasis.
+* Essentially structures with genetic material (nucleic acid) and protein coating (capsid).
* Shapes:
![[Pasted image 20260911203414.png|336]]
* Bacteriophages are complex viruses which attach to bacteria.
-* Replicates doesn't reproduce
+* Replicates doesn't reproduce.
* Instructs host cell to make copies of virus DNA
-* Viroids are viruses without capsoids
-* Prions are proteins that cause cells to misfold
+* Viroids are viruses without capsids.
+* Prions are proteins that cause cells to misfold.
# Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles
* Lytic:
* Cycle:
diff --git a/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/2 Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells.md b/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/2 Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells.md
index 2c70921..fdd954d 100644
--- a/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/2 Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells.md
+++ b/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/2 Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells.md
@@ -33,14 +33,16 @@ Prokaryotic Cell
| Exchanges information with other cells through conjugation | Genetic variation through meiosis |
# Endosymbiotic theory
-Theory that eukaryotic cells evolved from symbiotic theory between 2 or more prokaryotic cells. Larger cell engulfed a smaller cell, engulfed cell (endosymbiont) became an internal part of engulfing cell (host cell). Mitochondria and chloroplast originated from bacteria.
+Theory that eukaryotic cells evolved from symbiotic theory between 2 or more prokaryotic cells. Larger cell engulfed a smaller cell, engulfed cell (endosymbiont) became an internal part of engulfing cell (host cell). MAC[^1] originated from bacteria.
Ancestral prokaryote engulfed aerobic bacterium. Lived symbiotically.
Other ancestral prokaryotes engulfed photosynthetic bacterium. Lived symbiotically.
Evidence:
-* Mitochondria and chloroplast have a outer and inner membrane, theorized one from new, one from when it was independent.
-* M and C have their own DNA.
-* M and C can divide on their own independent of host cell.
+* MAC[^1] have a outer and inner membrane, theorized one from new, one from when it was independent.
+* MAC have their own DNA.
+* MAC can divide on their own independent of host cell.
-[More Information](obsidian://open?vault=obbyvault&file=biology%2FCell%20Structure%20and%20Function%2FOrigins%20of%20Cell%20Compartmentalization)
\ No newline at end of file
+[More Information](obsidian://open?vault=obbyvault&file=biology%2FCell%20Structure%20and%20Function%2FOrigins%20of%20Cell%20Compartmentalization)
+
+[^1]: Mitochondria and chloroplast
diff --git a/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/3 Classification of Prokaryotes.md b/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/3 Classification of Prokaryotes.md
index 43746b0..4a30fe7 100644
--- a/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/3 Classification of Prokaryotes.md
+++ b/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/3 Classification of Prokaryotes.md
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
* Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
-* On a quiz describe shapes and such by size and DNA, eg coccus prokaryotic cells are 1-10 micrometers and have circular DNA.
+* On a quiz, describe shapes and such by size and DNA, eg Coccus prokaryotic cells are 1-10 micrometers and have circular DNA.
## Morphology
| Shape | Shape | Name |
@@ -31,12 +31,12 @@
| Domain | Cell Wall Material |
| -------- | ------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| Arcahaea | Doesn't have a peptidoglycan cell wall, still has a cell wall |
+| Archaea | Doesn't have a peptidoglycan cell wall, still has a cell wall |
| Bacteria | Has a peptidoglycan cell wall |
| | |
## Staining (Not for Archaea - Only Bacteria)
* 1884, Hans Gram used a stain (now called Gram stain) that allowed bacteria distances to be seen.
-* Gram positive: Has a think peptidoglycan cell wall and stained purple (eg Streptococcus pneumoniae).
+* Gram positive: Has a thick peptidoglycan cell wall and stained purple (eg Streptococcus pneumoniae).
* Gram negative: has a thin peptidoglycan cell wall + extra membrane and stained pink (eg Neisseria meningitis)
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
* Anaerobic environment (no oxygen) - Both archaea and bacteria.
* Obligate aerobes - Exclusively survives in oxygen rich environments.
* Facultative aerobes - Can survive in both.
-* Obligate anaerobes - Can only survive in anaerobic environments.
+* Obligate anaerobes - Exclusively survives in anaerobic environments.
* Mesophiles - Organisms that live in moderate conditions.
* Many archaea are extremophiles:
* Thermophile - Heat loving.
diff --git a/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/5 Classification (taxonomy) and Kingdoms.md b/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/5 Classification (taxonomy) and Kingdoms.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cdc74c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/5 Classification (taxonomy) and Kingdoms.md
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]]
+
+
+| Ranks | Living Things |
+| ------- | ----------------------------------------------------- |
+| Domain | Bacteria, Eukarya, Archaea |
+| Kingdom | Archaea, Bacteria, Animalia, Fungi, Protista, Plantae |
+| Phylum | |
+| Class | |
+| Order | |
+| Family | |
+| Genus | |
+| Species |
+
+Taxon are specific names under each rank for organisms that exhibit shared traits.
+
+For clarification, humans and ostriches share domain kingdom and phylum ranks, while they share the taxons eukarya, animalia, and chordata.
+
+Scientific name is written using Genus and species. If name is typed, it should be *italicized*, else underlined. *Costasiella kuroshima*
+
+
+| Domain | Archaea | Bacteria | Eukarya | | | |
+| ----------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ------------- |
+| Kingdom | Archaea | Bacteria | Protista | Plantae | Fungi | Animalia |
+| Type of cells | Prokaryotic | Prokaryoticar | Eukaryotic | Eukaryotic | Eukaryotic | Eukaryotic |
+| Number of cells | Unicellular | Unicelluar | Mainly unicellular | Multicellular | Mostly multicellular (yeast) | Multicellular |
+| Cell structure | No membrane bound organelles, peptidoglycanless cell wall | No membrane bound organelles, peptidoglycan cell wall | Diverse, some have cell walls, some don't, variable cell wall materials | Cellulose cell wall, chloroplasts | Chitin cell wall | No cell wall |
+| Nutrition | Heterotroph/ autotroph | Heterotroph/
autotroph | Heterotroph/
autotroph | Autotroph | Heterotroph | Hetertroph |
+| Primary means of reproduction | Asexually (binary fission) | Asexually (binary fission) | Sexually/asexually | Sexually | Sexually | Sexually |
+| Example | | | Paramecia, amoeba, euglena | | Yeast | |
diff --git a/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/7 Species concepts and Evidence for Relatedness.md b/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/7 Species concepts and Evidence for Relatedness.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e904765
--- /dev/null
+++ b/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/7 Species concepts and Evidence for Relatedness.md
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]]
+Species is a group in organism that interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring. Gaps though, bacteria don't sexually reproduce, and there are separate species that are able to mate and create fertile children.
+
+Three types of species.
+* Morphological Species:
+ * Studies shape, size, physics, structural features.
+ * Simple, quick.
+ * Most populations have variation.
+* Biological Species:
+ * Ability to reproduce in nature and produce fertile offspring.
+ * Most commonly accepted definition, objective.
+ * Can't test on asexually reproducing, extinct, and/or physically separated organisms.
+* Phylogenetic:
+ * Studies evolutionary history and relationships among organisms.
+ * Can be applied to extinct species.
+ * Not all evolutionary histories are known.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/8 Kingdom Protista.md b/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/8 Kingdom Protista.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74fe270
--- /dev/null
+++ b/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/8 Kingdom Protista.md
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]]
+Characteristics:
+* Mainly unicellular
+* Under Eukarya domain.
+* Eukaryotic cells.
+* Reproduces sexually and/or asexually.
+* Diverse, not closely related.
+
+Classification:
+* Animal-like (protozoans):
+ * Heterotrophs.
+ * Can move.
+* Plant-like:
+ * Autotrophs, can photosynthesize.
+ * Photoautotrophs.
+ * Some are capable of consuming other organisms when light is unavailable.
+ * Can be unicellular or multicellular.
+* Fungus-like:
+ * Absorbs nutrients from other organisms.
+ * Heterotroph/decomposers, outer digestion.
+ * Cell wall is not chitin.
+ * Examples are slime moulds and water moulds.
+
+
+| Phylum | Characteristics | Example |
+| ------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------- |
+| Cercozoan | Pseudopods, temporary cytoplasmic extension for movement/feeding. | *Amoeba proteus* |
+| Cilliophora | Cilia, short hair like extensions for sweeping food or movement. | *Paramecium caudatum* |
+| Zoomastigma | Flagella, long tail like whip. | *Trichonympha* |
+| Sporozoa | Vector, uses living organism to transmit infection from one organism to another. Parasitic to animals. | *Plasmodium vivax* (causes malaria) |
+| Myxomycpta | Many nuculei, engulfs like amoeba. | Plasmodia |
+| Acrasiomycota | Individual amoeboid cells, one nuculeus. | Cellular slime mold |
+| Oomycota | Filamentous, resemble fungi, release enzymes to absorb nutrients. | *Water mold* |
+Paramecium:
+* Cilia.
+* Asexual (binary fission/sexual.
+* Gullet.
+* Outer protein covering.
+* Lives in water.
+![[Pasted image 20260924105000.png|371]]
+Amoeba:
+* Pseudopods.
+* Extension of cytoskeleton.
+![[Pasted image 20260924105030.png]]
+Euglenoids/Euglena:
+* Plant-like protista.
+* Flagella.
+* Unicellular.
+* Capable of ingesting nutrients.
+![[Pasted image 20260924105525.png]]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/literacy/fallacies.md b/literacy/fallacies.md
index bcb85d6..6f9f5ec 100644
--- a/literacy/fallacies.md
+++ b/literacy/fallacies.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
[[Literacy]]
-| NAME | MEANING |
+| NAME | DESCRIPTION |
| -------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Ad Hominem | Insulting opposition without argument. |
| Ad Lapidem (Appeal to the stone) | Saying no without an argument. |
diff --git a/root.md b/root.md
index 9bac609..71f52dc 100644
--- a/root.md
+++ b/root.md
@@ -1 +1,13 @@
-"Excess is easy, anyone can do it. What's beyond most… is making it succinct—the art of abbreviation."
+"*Excess is easy, anyone can do it. What's beyond most… is making it succinct—the art of abbreviation.*"
+
+# Terminology
+
+| NAME | DESCRIPTION |
+| ------------ | ------------------------------------------------- |
+| Child | File parented to working file. |
+| Parent | File working file is parented to. |
+| Subject File | A child representing a sub-subject of the parent. |
+
+# Rule of Thumb
+* Notes should be concise.
+* Common sense.
\ No newline at end of file