2026-09-04 12:31:07: Physics 2

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2026-09-04 12:31:07 -04:00
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[[Thermodynamics]]
* Energy required to change temperature: $Q=mc\Delta T$
* Rate of conduction: $\frac{Q}{\Delta t}=\frac{kA\Delta T}{L}$
* Specific heat ($c$) is intrinsic and determines the amount of energy required to change temperature.
* Thermal conductivity is also intrinsic, metals conduct well, insulators don't.
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[[Physics]] [[physics]]
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[[Physics]] [[physics]]
"Forces arise from interactions between two objects or systems of objects. Use free body diagrams and motion models to analyze the effects of forces on systems. Translate between different representations of forces and motion, and use models to analyze how interactions cause change. Practice deriving equations from fundamental principles and use proportional reasoning to make predictions." "Forces arise from interactions between two objects or systems of objects. Use free body diagrams and motion models to analyze the effects of forces on systems. Translate between different representations of forces and motion, and use models to analyze how interactions cause change. Practice deriving equations from fundamental principles and use proportional reasoning to make predictions."
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[[Physics]] [[physics]]
Linear momentum: $$\vec p=m\vec v$$ Linear momentum: $$\vec p=m\vec v$$
$\vec p$ is momentum in kg * m/s $\vec p$ is momentum in kg * m/s
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[[Physics]] [[physics]]
force exerted on a charge in relation to a magnetic and electric field force exerted on a charge in relation to a magnetic and electric field
formula is formula is
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[[Physics]] [[physics]]
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[[Physics]] [[physics]]
# Constants
* $R$: Ideal gas constant, 8.31 J/mol$*$k
* $k_B$: Boltzmann constant, $1.38*10^{-23}$J/K
# Notation
* $V$ is volume (m^3)
* $T$ is temperature (Kelvin usually)
# Tips
* Assume fluids are ideal unless stated otherwise. * Assume fluids are ideal unless stated otherwise.
* Kelvin is usually used over Celsius * Kelvin is usually used over Celsius
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
[[Thermodynamics]]
# Summary
* Entropy describes energy's tendency to spread out and cause some of the energy to become useless.
* Entropy decreases when energy is organized, increases when spread out.
* Higher entropy means more useless energy.
* Total entropy of an isolated system never decreases over time.
* Entropy remains constant only in perfectly reversible processes (theoretical).
* IRL, entropy always increases.
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
[[Thermodynamics]]
# Summary
* First law: $\Delta U=Q+W$
* Q is heat added W is work done
* Internal energy $U$ is the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy. Ideal gas has no internal potential energy, so solely kinetic.
* Ideal monatomic gas has formula: $U=\frac{3}{2}Nk_BT=\frac{3}{2}nRT$
* Work done on gas by external pressure: $W=-P\Delta V$
* Negative sign means expansion does negative work on gas.
* On a PV graph, integrals are work done, and straight lines are isotherms.
* Four special processes:
* Isovolumeric $W = 0$
* Isothermic $\Delta U = 0$ For an ideal gas
* Isobaric $W=-P\Delta V$
* Adiabatic $Q=0$
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[[Physics]] [[physics]]
@@ -1 +1 @@
[[Physics]] [[physics]]
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
[[Physics]] [[physics]]
WEaP WEaP
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[[Physics]] [[physics]]
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[[Physics]] [[physics]]
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[[Physics]] [[physics]]
"Quantum mechanics, also known as quantum physics, is the fundamental physical theory that describes the behavior of matter and of light; the behaviors it models typically occur at and below the scale of atoms, and have been described as peculiar and mysterious." "Quantum mechanics, also known as quantum physics, is the fundamental physical theory that describes the behavior of matter and of light; the behaviors it models typically occur at and below the scale of atoms, and have been described as peculiar and mysterious."