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+[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]] * Non-living * Not capable of surviving on its own. * Acellular. diff --git a/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/10 Fungi.md b/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/10 Fungi.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2e96f32 --- /dev/null +++ b/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/10 Fungi.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]] + +| Type of Nutrition | Description | +| ----------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | +| Parasitic | Absorbs nutrients from living cell of host organism.
Example is Cordyceps invading insect bodies. | +| Predatory | Have specialized structures for trapping prey. | +| Mutualistic | Have partnerships with other organisms, usually plants or protists.
Mycorrhiza: Mutual relationship with plants.
Lichen: Mutual with algae/cyanobacteria. | +| Saprobial | Feed on dead organisms or decaying waste. | diff --git a/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/12 Animalia.md b/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/12 Animalia.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f0774e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/12 Animalia.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]] +Multicellular eukaryotes. +Cells lack cell walls. +Heterotrophs. +Mobile in at least one stage of life. +Sexual reproduction. +![[Pasted image 20261001105644.png]] + +# Level of Organization +Cells, tissue, organs, organ systems. +Sponges only have 2 layers of cells, no tissues. +"Hydra, jelly fish, corals, sea anemones: 2 layers of cells, but have tissues like +muscle and NS" + +# Number of Body Layers: +Do they have 3 layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm). +Ectoderm: Skin and ns, shell, scales, feathers. +Endoderm: Inner lining of gut, respitory system. +Mesoderm: Circulatory, reproductive, excretory, muscular. +"Sponges, corals, hydra, jelly fish do not have 3 body layers" +![[Pasted image 20261001110343.png|417]] + +# Symmetry and Body Plans: +Radial symmetry, bilateral symmetry, no symmetry. + +# Body Cavity +Fluid filled body cavity called coelom. +![[Pasted image 20261001110522.png]] + +# Segmentation +![[Pasted image 20261001110549.png]] + +# Embryonic Openings +Protostomes: Opening develops into mouth. +Deuterostomes: Opening develops into the anus. + +# Movement +Sessile/stationary (attach to one place as an adult) vs ability to move. + +# Reproduction +Mainly sexual, internal vs external fertilization. + +# Presence of Backbone +Vertebrates vs invertebrates. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/7 Species Concepts and Evidence for Relatedness 1.md b/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/7 Species Concepts and Evidence for Relatedness 1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3cdf7e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/7 Species Concepts and Evidence for Relatedness 1.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]] +Species relatedness can be determined using a phylogenetic tree. +Phylogenetic trees are formed using evidence. +* Anatomical Evidence: + * Studying structure and form. + * Includes size shape and other physical features. +- Physiological Evidence: + * Study of functions/processes, such as chemical and internal processes. + * Example, guinea pig's insulin is closer to humans than mice. +- DNA Evidence: + - Studying DNA sequence (bases) or amino acid sequence. DNA similarity positively correlates with relation. + +In terms of evidence credibility for relatedness, DNA > physiological > anatomical. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/8 Levels of Biodiversity.md b/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/8 Levels of Biodiversity.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9248c2f --- /dev/null +++ b/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/8 Levels of Biodiversity.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]] + +Types of diversity: +- Genetic diversity. +- Species diversity. +- Ecosystem diversity. +How biodiversity supports ecosystem stability: +- Genetic diversity results in a greater chance for a species to survive over time through natural selection. +- Species diversity allows more organisms to fill niches. +- Ecosystem diversity makes it so that everything doesn't live in the same place, resulting in higher resources. +Biodiversity is diminished by: +* Habitat loss. +* Overhunting/overfishing. +* Climate change. +* Invasive species. +* Monocultures. +Monocultures are when only one type of plant is farmed. +Effects of monoculture: +* Reduced biodiversity. +* Soil degradtion. +* Increased pests/disease risk. +* \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/9 Plants.md b/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/9 Plants.md index e2d1b70..a272bd2 100644 --- a/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/9 Plants.md +++ b/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/9 Plants.md @@ -1,5 +1,4 @@ [[G11 Pre-AP Biology]] - Algae Divisions: * Chlorophyta: * Closest relative to plantae.