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2026-08-20 21:54:58: Fluids

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physics/Fluids/Pressure.md
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[[Fluids]]
Pressure is perpendicular force acting on a surface divided by area.
# Summary
* $P=\frac{F_\perp}{A}$
* Scalar.
* Incompressible fluids keep constant density and volume when pressure changes.
* $P=P_0+pgh$
* At the fluid surface h is 0.
* Measured in pascals (1 Pa = N/m^2)
# Absolute vs Gauge Pressure
Absolute pressure is total pressure: $P=P_0+pgh$, where $P_0$ is a reference pressure such as atmospheric pressure ($P_{atm}$) and gauge pressures is $pgh$. Positive gauge pressure means above atmospheric, negative means below.