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biology/Chemistry of Life/Macromolecules.md
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[[biology]]
macromolecules are essentially very large molecules
macromolecules consist of smaller subunits, called monomers, when you have a bunch of monomers together it's called a polymer
these 4 types of macromolecules are pretty important in ap bio:
| Type | Monomer Name | Polymer Name | Primary Cellular Function | CHNOPS Generally Present |
| ------------ | --------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
| Carbohydrate | Monosaccharide | Polysaccharide | Quick energy | C, H, O |
| Lipid | No single name, examples include Fatty Acids and Glycerol | No single name, examples include triglycerides and phospholipids | Cell membrane bilayer, cell signaling, long-term energy storage (fat) | C, H, O |
| Protein | Amino acid | Polypeptide | Various functions | C, H, O, N, S |
| Nucleic Acid | Nucleotide | DNA / RNA | Store and transmit genetic information | C, H, O, N, P |
| | | | | |
macromolecules are **allegedly** hard to understand, apparently theyre kind of like a train and it's carriages
![[Pasted image 20260810215125.png]]
monomers break from each other using **hydrolysis**, where a water atom forces its way in a breaks off into a hydrogen atom and a hydroxide. It's derived from greek, with hydro meaning water and lysis to break
![[Pasted image 20260810215131.png]]
monomers connect to each other using **dehydration synthesis**, where the hydrogen and hydroxide at the ends of monomers bind to form a water molecule which is removed after, reforming the bond.