origins of cell compartmentalization

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 [[chemistry of life]]
+
+# SUMMARY
+## Key Takeaways
+
+- Water is polar because the O-H bonds are polar covalent, giving oxygen a partial negative charge and each hydrogen a partial positive charge.
+- Hydrogen bonds form between the partial positive hydrogen of one water molecule and the partial negative oxygen of a neighboring molecule.
+- Hydrogen bonding produces cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension between water molecules.
+- Water's high specific heat capacity helps organisms maintain a stable, homeostatic body temperature.
+- Water's high heat of vaporization allows [evaporative cooling](https://fiveable.me/ap-bio/key-terms/evaporative-cooling), which also helps maintain body temperature.
+- Hydrophilic substances attract water; [hydrophobic](https://fiveable.me/ap-bio/key-terms/hydrophobic) substances do not, because polarity determines what mixes with water.
+
+| Term                   | Definition                                                                                                                                                           |
+| ---------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| adhesion               | The attractive force between water molecules and other polar substances, allowing water to stick to different surfaces.                                              |
+| cohesion               | The attractive force between water molecules that causes them to stick together, resulting from hydrogen bonding.                                                    |
+| evaporative cooling    | The process by which the evaporation of water removes heat from an organism or environment.                                                                          |
+| heat of vaporization   | The energy required to convert a liquid to a gas, enabling water to remove heat from organisms through evaporative cooling.                                          |
+| homeostasis            | The maintenance of stable internal environmental conditions in an organism despite external and internal changes.                                                    |
+| hydrogen bond          | Weak attractive forces between a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom and another electronegative atom, occurring between or within biological molecules. |
+| polar covalent bonds   | Chemical bonds between atoms where electrons are unequally shared, resulting in partial positive and negative charges.                                               |
+| polarity               | The unequal distribution of electrical charge in a molecule, resulting in one end being partially positive and the other partially negative.                         |
+| specific heat capacity | The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree, allowing water to resist rapid temperature changes.                             |
+| surface tension        | The property of water that allows its surface to resist breaking, resulting from hydrogen bonding between adjacent water molecules.                                  |
+
+# Overview
 covalents are 0-0.5 difference in electronegativities
 polar covalents are 0.5 - 2
 Ionics are 2+
-
+			
 hydrogen bonds are when a hydrogen atom in one molecule is highly attracted to an atom with high electronegativity in another molecule.
 hydrogen bonds are rather weak, water uses hydrogen bonds