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Projectile with constant accel. +* Stored energy written as: $U_C=\frac{1}{2}Q\Delta V=\frac{1}{2}C(\Delta V)^2=\frac{Q^2}{2C}$. +* Adding dielectric raises capacitance by factor of $\kappa$, sets up induced field inside dielectric that opposes plate field. +* On AP exam, only parallel plate capacitors required, edge effects ignored unless stated otherwise. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/physics/Electric Force, Field, and Potential/Conservation of Electric Energy.md b/physics/Electric Force, Field, and Potential/Conservation of Electric Energy.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e7eaa5b --- /dev/null +++ b/physics/Electric Force, Field, and Potential/Conservation of Electric Energy.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +[[Electric Force, Field, and Potential]] +# Summary +* Change in electric potential energy for charge moving between 2 potentials $\Delta U_E=q\Delta V$ (J) +* q can be positive or negative. $\Delta V=V_{final}-V_{initial}$. +* Energy is conserved: $\Delta K=-\Delta U_E$ +* Positive charges speed up moving towards lower potential. Negative charges speed up moving towards higher potential. +* Electric field points towards decreasing potential. +* For particle starting at rest, kinetic energy gained equals magnitude of $q\Delta V$, lets you solve for final speed. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/physics/Electric Force, Field, and Potential/Electric Charge and Electric Force.md b/physics/Electric Force, Field, and Potential/Electric Charge and Electric Force.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e738765 --- /dev/null +++ b/physics/Electric Force, Field, and Potential/Electric Charge and Electric Force.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +[[Electric Force, Field, and Potential]] +# Summary +* Charge is quantized, integer multiple of $e=1.6x10^{-19}$. +* $q=\pm ne$ +* Coulomb's law: $F=k\frac{p_1p_2}{n^2}$; directly proportional to charge, inversely proportional to distance. +* Same signs repel, opposite signs attract. +* Electric force is stronger than gravity for tiny particles, gravity controls large scale because big objects are usually neutral. +* Electric permittivity measures how much a material polarizes in a field. Conductors let charge move freely, insulators don't. +* Only need to calculate force for 4 or less interacting charges unless situation is highly symmetrical. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/physics/Electric Force, Field, and Potential/Electric Fields.md b/physics/Electric Force, Field, and Potential/Electric Fields.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6dd7e18 --- /dev/null +++ b/physics/Electric Force, Field, and Potential/Electric Fields.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +[[Electric Force, Field, and Potential]] +# Summary +* Electric field at a point = electric force on a positive test charge divided by charge = $\vec E=\frac{\vec F_E}{q}$ (unit N/C). +* Test charge's impact on field is negligible. +* Field lines point towards negative and away from positive. Closer lines = stronger field. +* Net field from several charges is sum of vectors. +* Inside a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium field is zero. Charge sits on surface, surface field is perpendicular to surface. +* Inside a charged insulator inside can be nonzero since charge stays instead of moving to surface. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/physics/Electric Force, Field, and Potential/Electric Potential Energy.md b/physics/Electric Force, Field, and Potential/Electric Potential Energy.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..903427a --- /dev/null +++ b/physics/Electric Force, Field, and Potential/Electric Potential Energy.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +[[Electric Force, Field, and Potential]] +# Summary +* Electric potential energy is work required from external force to assemble charges from infinity. Infinity set is the zero reference. +* Elastic potential energy: $U_E=\frac{1}{4\pi \epsilon_0}\frac{q_1q_2}{r}=k\frac{q_1q_2}{r}$ +* Positive $U_E$ means repulsive interaction from like charges. +* Negative $U_E$ means attractive interaction from unlike charges. +* For multiple charges, add potential energy of each pair. +* $U_E$ is a scalar. +* Energy is conserved, as charges move potential is traded for kinetic. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/physics/Electric Force, Field, and Potential/Electric Potential.md b/physics/Electric Force, Field, and Potential/Electric Potential.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bc730f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/physics/Electric Force, Field, and Potential/Electric Potential.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +[[Electric Force, Field, and Potential]] +# Summary +* Electric potential is energy per charge: $V=\Delta U_E/q$ (Volts) +* Potential comes from multiple point charges added as scalars. +* Potential can be positive or negative, reference set at infinity. +* Electric field points towards decreasing potential. $|\vec E|=|\Delta V/\Delta r|$ +* Equipotent lines (isolines) are perpendicular to field vectors. No work is done moving charge along equipotent. +* Conductors in electrical contact redistribute charge on the surface until it sits at the same potential. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/physics/Electric Force, Field, and Potential/The Process of Charging.md b/physics/Electric Force, Field, and Potential/The Process of Charging.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..778f175 --- /dev/null +++ b/physics/Electric Force, Field, and Potential/The Process of Charging.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +[[Electric Force, Field, and Potential]] +# Summary +* Net charge changes only when charge travels in and out of a system. +* Charging usually happens through electron transfer. +* Induced charge separation polarizes an object without contact. Happens in neutral conductors and insulators. +* In conservation problems, charge of separated objects should sum to charge of system. +* Grounding occurs when a system connects to a large neutral object. +* Conductors let electrons move easily, insulators only let bound charges shift slightly. +* Main 3 ways to charge: friction induction contact. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Specific Heat and Thermal Conductivity.md b/physics/Thermodynamics/Specific Heat and Thermal Conductivity 1.md similarity index 100% rename from Specific Heat and Thermal Conductivity.md rename to physics/Thermodynamics/Specific Heat and Thermal Conductivity 1.md diff --git a/physics/Thermodynamics/Specific Heat and Thermal Conductivity.md b/physics/Thermodynamics/Specific Heat and Thermal Conductivity.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d6220f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/physics/Thermodynamics/Specific Heat and Thermal Conductivity.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +[[Thermodynamics]] +* Energy required to change temperature: $Q=mc\Delta T$ +* Rate of conduction: $\frac{Q}{\Delta t}=\frac{kA\Delta T}{L}$ +* Specific heat ($c$) is intrinsic and determines the amount of energy required to change temperature. +* Thermal conductivity is also intrinsic, metals conduct well, insulators don't. \ No newline at end of file