diff --git a/.obsidian/workspace.json b/.obsidian/workspace.json index 8040141..7e3b76a 100644 --- a/.obsidian/workspace.json +++ b/.obsidian/workspace.json @@ -92,21 +92,63 @@ } }, { - "id": "e628701901d5a399", + "id": "80d663fc3c3773e5", "type": "leaf", "state": { "type": "markdown", "state": { - "file": "literacy/fallacies.md", + "file": "chemistry/chemistry.md", "mode": "source", "source": false }, "icon": "lucide-file", - "title": "fallacies" + "title": "chemistry" + } + }, + { + "id": "c3bed0854f1fd662", + "type": "leaf", + "state": { + "type": "markdown", + "state": { + "file": "chemistry/Organic Chemistry/Classifying Organic Compounds.md", + "mode": "source", + "source": false + }, + "icon": "lucide-file", + "title": "Classifying Organic Compounds" + } + }, + { + "id": "f2c243360c7d031c", + "type": "leaf", + "state": { + "type": "markdown", + "state": { + "file": "chemistry/Organic Chemistry/Classifying Organic Compounds.md", + "mode": "source", + "source": false + }, + "icon": "lucide-file", + "title": "Classifying Organic Compounds" + } + }, + { + "id": "98f95f8950633718", + "type": "leaf", + "state": { + "type": "markdown", + "state": { + "file": "root.md", + "mode": "source", + "source": false + }, + "icon": "lucide-file", + "title": "root" } } ], - "currentTab": 6 + "currentTab": 9 }, { "id": "4d3d20436ed97a2e", @@ -290,40 +332,41 @@ "obsidian-git:Open Git source control": false } }, - "active": "e628701901d5a399", + "active": "98f95f8950633718", "lastOpenFiles": [ - "biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/3 Classification of Prokaryotes.md", + "Tasks.md", + "biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/2 Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells.md", "biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/1 Viruses.md", + "biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/3 Classification of Prokaryotes.md", + "biology/Chemistry of Life/Proteins.md", + "biology/Chemistry of Life/Carbohydrates.md", + "biology/Chemistry of Life/Elements of Life.md", + "biology/Chemistry of Life/Lipids.md", + "biology/Chemistry of Life/Macromolecules.md", + "biology/Chemistry of Life/Nucleic Acids.md", + "Hydrocarbons.md", + "chemistry/Organic Chemistry/Classifying Organic Compounds.md", + "chemistry/chemistry.md", + "chemistry/Organic Chemistry/Organic Chemistry.md", + "chemistry/Organic Chemistry", + "chemistry/Stoichiometry.md", + "chemistry/vsepr.md", + "chemistry/state of matter.md", + "chemistry/polyatomic ions.md", + "chemistry/periodic table.md", + "chemistry/polar molecules.md", + "chemistry/nomenclature.md", + "literacy/fallacies.md", "biology/biology.md", "physics/Electric Force, Field, and Potential/Electric Force, Field, and Potential.md", "literacy/buzzwords.md", - "literacy/fallacies.md", "math/linear algebra.md", - "physics/Modern Physics/Quantum Theory and Wave Particle Duality.md", - "physics/Electric Circuits/Electric Circuits.md", - "physics/Work Energy and Power/physics.md", - "Excalidraw/Drawing 2026-09-15 10.42.31.excalidraw.md", "Assets/Pasted image 20260915104440.png", - "biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/2 Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells.md", - "biology/Cell Structure and Function/Origins of Cell Compartmentalization.md", - "biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology.md", "Assets/Pasted Image 20260911112001_579.png", - "biology/Cell Structure and Function/Cell Compartmentalization.md", "Assets/Pasted image 20260915104456.png", - "root.md", - "biology/Cell Structure and Function/Cell Size.md", - "physics/Modern Physics/Bohr Model of Atomic Structure.md", - "physics/Modern Physics/Modern Physics.md", - "biology/Chemistry of Life/Macromolecules.md", - "biology/Chemistry of Life/Lipids.md", - "biology/Chemistry of Life/Elements of Life.md", - "biology/Chemistry of Life/chemistry of life.md", - "literacy/literacy.md", "physics/Modern Physics", "Assets/Pasted image 20260911203414.png", "Assets/Pasted image 20260911112321.png", - "Excalidraw/Drawing 2026-09-11 11.12.13.excalidraw.md", - "biology/Biology AP Exam Tips.md", "Assets/Pasted image 20260911111837.png", "Excalidraw", "biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology", @@ -333,7 +376,6 @@ "physics/Oscillations", "physics/Fluids", "physics/Torque and Rotational Dynamics", - "physics/Linear Momentum", "Assets/Pasted image 20260819112153.png", "Assets/Pasted image 20260817123835.png", "Assets/Pasted image 20260817121129.png", diff --git a/Hydrocarbons.md b/Hydrocarbons.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..35e08b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Hydrocarbons.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +[[Organic Chemistry]] + +Simplest organic compounds are hydrocarbons, composed solely of carbon and hydrogen. + +Non-polar, as they contain only hydrogen and carbon. + +They are classified as aromatic or aliphatic. Aliphatic hydrocarbons have carbon atoms bonded in chains or rings, including straight chains and cyclic alkenes, alkanes and alkynes. Aromatic hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons based on aromatic benzene group. + +Alkanes are hydrocarbons that only contain single bonds, alkenes contain double bonds and alkynes contain triple bonds. + +Alkanes in the shape of a ring are called cycloalkanes. Alkanes not in the shape of rings have formula $C_nH_{2n+2}$. Cycloalkanes are in the shape of rings and have the formula $C_nH_{2n}$. Straight chain alkenes with one double bond have the same formula as cycloalkanes. Straight chain alkynes with one triple bond have the formula $C_nH_{2n-2}$. + +Functional groups are groups of reactive bonded atoms that appear in all members of a family. Reactive double bonds are the functional group of alkenes. + +# Naming Organic Compounds +Naming organic compounds usually follows the pattern of prefix + root + suffix. + +Root names: + +| Number of Carbon atoms | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | +| ---------------------- | ---- | --- | ---- | --- | ---- | --- | ---- | --- | --- | --- | +| Root | meth | eth | prop | but | pent | hex | hept | oct | non | dec | diff --git a/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/1 Viruses.md b/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/1 Viruses.md index b11489f..ac19cb6 100644 --- a/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/1 Viruses.md +++ b/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/1 Viruses.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]] +c[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]] * Non-living * Not capable of surviving on its own diff --git a/chemistry/Matter and Chemical Bonding.md b/chemistry/Matter and Chemical Bonding.md deleted file mode 100644 index dd14339..0000000 --- a/chemistry/Matter and Chemical Bonding.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -[[Chemistry]] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/chemistry/Organic Chemistry/Classifying Organic Compounds.md b/chemistry/Organic Chemistry/Classifying Organic Compounds.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d8dbb58 --- /dev/null +++ b/chemistry/Organic Chemistry/Classifying Organic Compounds.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +[[Organic Chemistry]] + +Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon. It was originally classified as compounds originating from living beings, but a scientist made an organic compound inorganically using ammonium cyanate. + +Carbon usually forms 4 covalent bonds. If a compound contains only single bonds, then it's saturated, unsaturated otherwise. + +Carbons unique bonding allows it to form many shapes, including rings and chains. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/chemistry/Organic Chemistry/Organic Chemistry.md b/chemistry/Organic Chemistry/Organic Chemistry.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..093d75f --- /dev/null +++ b/chemistry/Organic Chemistry/Organic Chemistry.md @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +[[chemistry]] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/chemistry/Stoichiometry.md b/chemistry/Stoichiometry.md deleted file mode 100644 index 079866f..0000000 --- a/chemistry/Stoichiometry.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -[[Chemistry]] - -**"calculation of relative quantities of reactants and products in chemical reactions"** - -avogardos numbers = $6.02*10^{23}$ -n=mole=conversion factor=$6.02*10^{23}$ things (atoms/ions/molecules/formulaunits/etc) -1 pair = 2 things -1 dozen = 12 things - -one atomic unit ~= 1 gram / avogardos number -avogardos number x atomic unit ~= 1 gram \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/chemistry/bonds.md b/chemistry/bonds.md deleted file mode 100644 index b8ae070..0000000 --- a/chemistry/bonds.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -[[Matter and Chemical Bonding]] - -covalents are sharing -ionics are giving diff --git a/chemistry/chemical reactions.md b/chemistry/chemical reactions.md deleted file mode 100644 index 48e5ca0..0000000 --- a/chemistry/chemical reactions.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -[[Chemistry]] - -**main types** -synthesis -decomposition -single displacement -double displacement -combustion - -# synthesis -just two substances coming together to form a compound, -reactant + reactant -> - -# single displacement -requires the replacee to havea a lower activity series than the replacer - -# Double Displacement -double displacement is a reaction of 2 compounds -pos and negs switch places to form new stuff -only works with ionics - -only occurs if one of 3 propduces is formed -- percipitate (s) -- gas (g) -- covalent compound such as water (l) -# Combustion -is hydrocarbon react with oxygen to create co2 and h2o \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/chemistry/chemistry.md b/chemistry/chemistry.md index 47e1336..fdddbf5 100644 --- a/chemistry/chemistry.md +++ b/chemistry/chemistry.md @@ -1 +1 @@ -[[ROOT]] +[[root]] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/chemistry/electronegativity.md b/chemistry/electronegativity.md deleted file mode 100644 index 058bbd6..0000000 --- a/chemistry/electronegativity.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -[[Matter and Chemical Bonding]] -how much attraction an element has to electrons -when bonded things different in electronegativity is too high, one basically steals the electron from the other forming an ionic bond, and if it's in the middle then it's polar, and if the difference isnt large than the 2 play nice and share it with a covalent - diff --git a/chemistry/empherical formula.md b/chemistry/empherical formula.md deleted file mode 100644 index 72d4ef5..0000000 --- a/chemistry/empherical formula.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ -[[Stoichiometry]] - -empirical formulas are the simplest whole number ratio of atom in a substance - -eg acetic acid and glucose share an empherical of ch_2o \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/chemistry/law of definite proportions and percent composition.md b/chemistry/law of definite proportions and percent composition.md deleted file mode 100644 index bbb2a70..0000000 --- a/chemistry/law of definite proportions and percent composition.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ -[[Stoichiometry]] - -law of definite proportions states: the elements in a chemical compound are always present in the same proportion by mass - -$percentcomposition=\frac{massofelement}{totalmassofcompound}*100%$ diff --git a/chemistry/nomenclature.md b/chemistry/nomenclature.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7d9496b..0000000 --- a/chemistry/nomenclature.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -[[Matter and Chemical Bonding]] - -naming chemical compounds - diff --git a/chemistry/periodic table.md b/chemistry/periodic table.md deleted file mode 100644 index 417f406..0000000 --- a/chemistry/periodic table.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -[[Chemistry]] - -periods are rows -groups are columns \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/chemistry/polar molecules.md b/chemistry/polar molecules.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1c0515f..0000000 --- a/chemistry/polar molecules.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -[[Matter and Chemical Bonding]] -[[electronegativity]] - -when 2 bonding atoms have an $\Delta$ EN greater than 0.5 and less than 1.7, it's a polar covalent bond - -polar covalents have an imbalance of electrons, causing partial positive charges and partial negative charges, the atom with the stronger EN pulls the electron more but not enough to completely take it, making the electron closer and giving it a partial negative charge \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/chemistry/polyatomic ions.md b/chemistry/polyatomic ions.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9ae972c..0000000 --- a/chemistry/polyatomic ions.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,81 +0,0 @@ -[[Chemistry]] - -**"a charged chemical species composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded or of a metal complex, that can be considered to be acting as a single unit" - -H stable at a duet 2d -Be stable at a tetrad 4e -B stable at a sextet 6e - -| **Name** | **Formula** | -| ---------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -| **Polyatomic ions (carrying negative charge)** | | -| Hydroxide | OH [Matter and Chemical Bonding]]

add or remove valence e according to charge

H stable at a duet 2d
Be stable at a tetrad 4e
B stable at a sextet 6e
all other elements in pe 1 and 2 require octets 8e (common ball)
per 3 and below can go above an octet (common ball)



– | -| Acetate | CH3COO – | -| Cyanide | CN – | -| Chlorate | ClO3 – | -| Chlorite | ClO2 – | -| Nitrate | NO3 – | -| Nitrite | NO2 – | -| Hypochlorite | OCl – | -| Hypobromite | OBr – | -| Iodate | IO3 – | -| Bisulphite | HSO3 – | -| Bisulphate | HSO4 – | -| Permanganate | MnO4 – | -| Thiocyanate | SCN – | -| Hydrogen carbonate | HCO 3– | -| Carbonate | CO3 2- | -| Sulphate | SO4 2- | -| Sulphite | SO3 2- | -| Oxalate | C2O4 2- | -| Silicate | SiO3 2- | -| Manganate | MnO4 2- | -| Thiosulphate | S2O3 2- | -| Chromate | CrO4 2- | -| Dichromate | Cr2O7 2- | -| Phosphate | PO4 3- | -| Phosphite | PO3 3- | -| Aluminate | AlO3 3- | -| Arsenite | AsO3 3- | -| Arsenate | AsO4 3- | -| Borate | BO3 3- | -| Pyrophosphate | P2O7 4- | -| **Polyatomic ions (carrying positive charge)** | | -| Ammonium | NH 4+ | - -## List of monatomic ions - -- The ions made of a single atom are called **simple ions or monatomic ions**. - -| **Name** | **Formula** | -| --------------------------------------------- | ----------- | -| **Monatomic ions (carrying positive charge)** | | -| Hydrogen | H+ | -| Potassium | K+ | -| Sodium | Na+ | -| Silver | Ag+ | -| Cuprous | Cu+ | -| Aurous | Au+ | -| Barium | Ba2+ | -| Calcium | Ca2+ | -| Magnesium | Mg2+ | -| Cupric | Cu2+ | -| Ferrous | Fe2+ | -| Stannous | Sn2+ | -| Mercuric | Hg2+ | -| Zinc | Zn2+ | -| Plumbous | Pb2+ | -| Aluminum | Al3+ | -| Ferric | Fe3+ | -| Auric | Au3+ | -| Arseneous | As3+ | -| Plumbic | Pb4+ | -| Stannic | Sn4+ | -| **Monatomic ions (carrying negative charge)** | | -| Chloride | Cl– | -| Bromide | Br – | -| Iodide | I– | -| Oxide | O2- | -| Sulphide | S2- | -| Nitride | N3- | -| Phosphide | P3- | \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/chemistry/solubility table.md b/chemistry/solubility table.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6746eb2..0000000 --- a/chemistry/solubility table.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -[[chemical reactions]] - -shrimple little table to check how stuff reacts with other stuff, -- sol for soluble which means aqueous -- ppt for precipitate - diff --git a/chemistry/state of matter.md b/chemistry/state of matter.md deleted file mode 100644 index dec685f..0000000 --- a/chemistry/state of matter.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -[[chemical reactions]] -[[Matter and Chemical Bonding]] diff --git a/chemistry/vsepr.md b/chemistry/vsepr.md deleted file mode 100644 index ed4a5d1..0000000 --- a/chemistry/vsepr.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -[[Matter and Chemical Bonding]] -each lone pair is E -A is central atom -X for each binded stuff - -eg $H_2O$ is $AX_2E_2$ \ No newline at end of file