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It's derived from greek, with hydro meaning water and lysis to break + +![[Pasted image 20260810215131.png]] + +monomers connect to each other using **dehydration synthesis**, where the hydrogen and hydroxide at the ends of monomers bind to form a water molecule which is removed after, reforming the bond. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/biology/biology.md b/biology/biology.md index 4b9c6f2..ad9a1a9 100644 --- a/biology/biology.md +++ b/biology/biology.md @@ -1 +1,2 @@ [[root]] +study of life and living organisms \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/biology/chemistry of life.md b/biology/chemistry of life.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aed3275 --- /dev/null +++ b/biology/chemistry of life.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +[[biology]] +chemistry and life somewhat go hand in hand \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/biology/structure of water and hydrogen bonding.md b/biology/structure of water and hydrogen bonding.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..47bce8b --- /dev/null +++ b/biology/structure of water and hydrogen bonding.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +[[chemistry of life]] +covalents are 0-0.5 difference in electronegativities +polar covalents are 0.5 - 2 +Ionics are 2+ + +hydrogen bonds are when a hydrogen atom in one molecule is highly attracted to an atom with high electronegativity in another molecule. +hydrogen bonds are rather weak, water uses hydrogen bonds + +**properties of water:** +1. cohesion +2. adhesion +3. high heat capacity +4. high surface tension + +adhesion is a result of the polarity, as the imbalance of charge allows the molecules to bind to other things easily + +high heat capacity results from heat energy being used to break and disrupt the hydrogen bonds, inadvertently losing some of the heat + +surface tension results from hydrogen bonds + +**ph** +ph measures how acidic or basic a solution is +![[Pasted image 20260810212842.png]]"**==Acids==** donate protons (Hydrogens) to **==bases==**, which are hydrogen/proton acceptors. Let’s use the self ionization of water pictured above as an example. One of the water molecules is acting as an acid and donating an H+ ion (proton) to the other water molecule, which is the base. This forms a hydronium ion (H3​O+) and a hydroxide ion (OH−)." + +solutions with more hydroniums than hydroxides are acidic, and the other way +![[Pasted image 20260810213049.png]] +$pH=-\log[H^+]$ +where $H^+$ is the hydronium concentration in the solution + +pH has an opposite, pOH +by definition the pH + pOH of a solution will always equal 14 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/chemistry/polar molecules.md b/chemistry/polar molecules.md index 5ea0bc7..55eb720 100644 --- a/chemistry/polar molecules.md +++ b/chemistry/polar molecules.md @@ -1,4 +1,6 @@ [[Matter and Chemical Bonding]] [[electronegativity]] -when 2 bonding atoms have an $\Delta$ EN greater than 0.5 and less than 1.7, it's a polar covalent bond \ No newline at end of file +when 2 bonding atoms have an $\Delta$ EN greater than 0.5 and less than 1.7, it's a polar covalent bond + +polar covalents have an imbalance of electrons \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Kinetic and Static Friction.md b/physics/Kinetic and Static Friction.md similarity index 100% rename from Kinetic and Static Friction.md rename to physics/Kinetic and Static Friction.md