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All proteins have a central alpha carbon with a hydrogen, an amino group, and a carboxyl group. Where they differ is the R-group. Proteins cycle through three to four structures before becoming fully functional._" + +although proteins have multiple structures, they're dependent on the previous one. +the protein structures are derived from the folding of the primary structure. proteins can fold back into the primary structure, called denaturation +![[Pasted image 20260812120344.png]] +denaturation can be caused by: +1. heat +2. ph changes +3. mechanical agitation (stirring, shaking) + +renaturation can also occur. eg pepsin enzyme. pepsin is one of the enzymes of the stomach, if ph is too high, it denatures, if it's brought back down, it renatures. +# Function + +Proteins have a bunch of different functions +1. Enzymes: speed up chemical reactions +2. Defensive proteins: antibodies help the immune system recognize viruses +3. Transport proteins: facilitate transport of large/polar molecules across cell membranes +4. Storage proteins: store amino acids, such as in milk +5. Receptor proteins: used in cell signaling +6. Contractile/ Motor proteins: helps muscles contract and cells with tails move +7. Structural proteins: makes up hair, nails, and scars + +# Summary +|Structure|Monomer / Polymer Name|Function| +|---|---|---| +|All proteins have a central alpha carbon with a hydrogen, an amino group, and a carboxyl group. However, they have different R-groups, which lead to structural and functional differences.|Monomer: Amino Acid
Polymer: Polypeptide|Most cellular and body functions| \ No newline at end of file