[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]]

* Non-living
	* Not capable of surviving on its own
	* Acellular (Not made of cells)
	* No cytoplasm, ribosomes, or membrane bound organelles.
	* Doesn't produce energy.
* Essentially structures with genetic material (nucleic acid) and protein coating
* Shapes:
![[Pasted image 20260911203414.png|336]]
* Bacteriophages are complex viruses which attach to bacteria.
* Replicates doesn't reproduce
* Instructs host cell to make copies of virus DNA
# Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles
* Lytic:
	* Cycle:
		* Virus attaches to host cell (either enters or inserts)
		* Tricks host cell to making copies of viral DNA/viral parts
		* Host cell assembles new viruses
		* Host cell releases new virus (some hosts will lysis)
	* Make viruses and then releases them
	* Takes pieces of membrane with it
![[Pasted image 20260911112321.png|371]]
# Classification
* Size and shape
* Type of nucleic acid
* Presence/absence of outer envelope

# Diagram
* Tail fiber shapes allow bacteriophages to infect different types of bacteria.
* Protein spike shapes allow it to enter different cells.
* Capsid
	* Protective coating
* Nucleic Acid
	* DNA or RNA
* Protein Spikes/Glycoprotein
	* Allows them to attach and enter different cells
![[Pasted image 20260911111837.png]]