obsidianvault/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/8 Kingdom Protista.md

G11 Pre-AP Biology Characteristics:

• Mainly unicellular
• Under Eukarya domain.
• Eukaryotic cells.
• Reproduces sexually and/or asexually.
• Diverse, not closely related.

Classification:

• Animal-like (protozoans):
  • Heterotrophs.
  • Can move.
• Plant-like:
  • Autotrophs, can photosynthesize.
  • Photoautotrophs.
  • Some are capable of consuming other organisms when light is unavailable.
  • Can be unicellular or multicellular.
• Fungus-like:
  • Absorbs nutrients from other organisms.
  • Heterotroph/decomposers, outer digestion.
  • Cell wall is not chitin.
  • Examples are slime moulds and water moulds.

Phylum	Characteristics	Example
Cercozoan	Pseudopods, temporary cytoplasmic extension for movement/feeding.	Amoeba proteus
Cilliophora	Cilia, short hair like extensions for sweeping food or movement.	Paramecium caudatum
Zoomastigma	Flagella, long tail like whip.	Trichonympha
Sporozoa	Vector, uses living organism to transmit infection from one organism to another. Parasitic to animals.	Plasmodium vivax (causes malaria)
Myxomycpta	Many nuculei, engulfs like amoeba.	Plasmodia
Acrasiomycota	Individual amoeboid cells, one nuculeus.	Cellular slime mold
Oomycota	Filamentous, resemble fungi, release enzymes to absorb nutrients.	Water mold
Paramecium:

• Cilia.
• Asexual (binary fission/sexual.
• Gullet.
• Outer protein covering.
• Lives in water. !Pasted image 20260924105000.png Amoeba:
• Pseudopods.
• Extension of cytoskeleton. ! Euglenoids/Euglena:
• Plant-like protista.
• Flagella.
• Unicellular.
• Capable of ingesting nutrients. !