obsidianvault/biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/9 Plants.md

G11 Pre-AP Biology

Algae Divisions:

• Chlorophyta:
  • Closest relative to plantae.
  • Green pigment.
  • Chlorophyll A and B (plants have this too).
  • Unicellular or multicellular.
• Phaeophyta:
  • Kelp.
  • Multicellular.
  • Can be large.
• Pyrrophyta:
• Chyrsophyta:
• Rhodophyta:
  • Red pigment.
  • Able to live in deep waters.
  • Absorbs longer wavelength.
• Euglenophyta:

Plants and algae comparison:

• Autotrophs (chloroplasts).
• Cell walls composed of cellulose.
• Stores energy as starch. Contrast:
• Algae have no true leaves or roots (may have holdfasts/flattened blades, air bladders hold them up).
• Plants are mainly terrestrial, algae are aquatic (bad answer when contrasting). !

Plants have adapted to live on land:

• Cuticle to prevent drying out.
• Vascular tissue to transport water.
• Enclosed embryo (seeds) to prevent drying out. !

Plant classification:

• Non Vascular:
  • No xylem/phloem.
  • Grows low.
  • Darker environment.
  • Absorbs H_2O through leaves.
  • Moss.
  • Liverworts.
  • Hornworts.
• Vascular:
  • Roots help it grow taller.
  • Seeds:
    • Sexual reproduction, no water.
    • Angiosperms:
      • Flowers.
      • Monocot:
        • One cotyledon.
        • Veins in parallel.
        • Vascular tissue arranged in circle.
        • Scattered vascular tissue.
        • Petals multiple of 3.
        • Fibrous.
        • Examples include corn, grass, green onions.
      • Dicot:
        • Two cotyledons.
        • Veins are branched.
        • Xylem arranged in star shape.
        • Vascular tissue arranged in ring.
        • Petals in multiples of 4 or 5.
        • Taproot.
        • Examples include carrots and dandelions.
    • Gymnosperms:
      • Naked seeds.
      • No ovary to protect seeds.
  • No Seeds:
    • Requires moist environment.
    • Ferns:
      • Releases spores.
      • Requires sperm.