combattest/Character.h

#ifndef CHARACTER_CLASS
#define CHARACTER_CLASS
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <algorithm>
#include "t.h"
#include "Rig.h"
#include "Object.h"
#include "Animator.h"
#include "CharacterAction.h"
#include "Combat.h"
#include "CharacterTemplate.h"
#include "StatusEffect.h"

class Character;
class CharacterManager;
class CharacterMind;
class Ragdoll;
class Physics;
class p;

// The physical side of a character: where it is, its physics body, its animation,
// and carrying out whatever actions its mind sends it.
class CharacterBody : public t_package {
public:
    Rig* rig = nullptr;
    p* physics = nullptr;          // made by Character::CreatePhysicsBody, its box is t's scale

    std::vector<Animator*> animators;
    Animator* animator = nullptr;      // the base layer, always fully on: standing idle
    Animator* walkAnimator = nullptr;  // on top of the idles, faded in while walking
    Animator* jumpAnimator = nullptr;  // on top of walking, played from the start each jump and held while in the air
    Animator* actionAnimator = nullptr;   // one-shots on top of everything, see PlayAction
    CharacterCombat combat;               // its attacks, played on the action layer
    Animation* flinchAnimation = nullptr; // played on the action layer when it's hit, see Character::Flinch
    Animation* knockdownAnimation = nullptr;   // played on the action layer when it's knocked down, held at the end
    Animation* dashAnimation = nullptr;   // played on the action layer while it dashes

    float walkSpeed = 1.17f;       // m/s on flat ground
    float turnSpeed = 12.0f;       // how quickly it turns to face where it's walking
    float walkFadeSpeed = 8.0f;    // how quickly it fades between idle and walking
    float jumpSpeed = 10.0f;       // m/s straight up when it jumps, about 5 m high
    float jumpDelay = 0.0f;        // real seconds into the jump animation it actually leaves the ground
    float airFadeSpeed = 14.0f;    // how quickly the jump fades in on takeoff and out on landing
    float sprintMultiplier = 1.4f;       // times walkSpeed while sprinting
    float sprintAnimationSpeed = 1.25f;   // how much faster the walk plays while sprinting
    float dashDistance = 4.0f;     // m covered by a dash
    float dashDelay = 0.0f;        // real seconds into the dash animation it starts moving
    float dashTime = 0.4f;         // real seconds a dash carries it for, after which it's free to do anything again
    float dashCooldown = 0.5f;     // real seconds after one dash ends before the next
    float statusSpeedMultiplier = 1.0f;   // from its status effects, set by Character every frame
    bool canJump = true;                  // likewise

    CharacterBody() {
        animator = AddAnimator(0);
        animator->blendWeight = 1.0f;  // base always fully visible
    }

    Animator* AddAnimator(int weight) {
        Animator* a = new Animator();
        a->weight = weight;
        if (rig) a->SetRig(rig);
        animators.push_back(a);
        std::sort(animators.begin(), animators.end(),
            [](Animator* a, Animator* b) { return a->weight < b->weight; });
        return a;
    }

    // The skinning matrices for this frame, from every animator layered together. Worked out in Step.
    // Base (weight 0) is the foundation; each higher-weight animator blends in by its blendWeight,
    // but only on the bones its animation has tracks for, so an arm-only clip leaves the legs walking.
    const std::vector<glm::mat4>& GetBlendedBoneMatrices() const {
        return blendedBones.empty() ? animator->GetFinalBoneMatrices() : blendedBones;
    }

    void SetRig(Rig* r) {
        rig = r;
        for (Animator* a : animators)
            a->SetRig(r);
    }

    void SetAnimation(Animation* anim) {
        animator->SetAnimation(anim);
        animator->PlayAnimation();
        animator->blendWeight = 1.0f;  // base never blends, always instant
    }

    // Plays an animation once on top of everything else. Starts over if it's already playing.
    // speed scales how fast it plays, 2 takes half as long. Holding, it stays on its last pose until stopped.
    void PlayAction(Animation* anim, float speed = 1.0f, bool hold = false) {
        if (!anim)
            return;
        if (!actionAnimator) {
            actionAnimator = AddAnimator(4);
            actionAnimator->blendDuration = 0.1f;
        }
        actionAnimator->loops = false;
        actionAnimator->holdsAtEnd = hold;
        actionAnimator->playbackSpeed = speed;
        actionAnimator->SetAnimation(anim);
        actionAnimator->PlayAnimation();
    }

    // The loop played while walking. It keeps running underneath so it picks up mid-stride.
    void SetWalkAnimation(Animation* anim) {
        if (!walkAnimator)
            walkAnimator = AddAnimator(2);
        walkAnimator->loops = true;
        walkAnimator->SetAnimation(anim);
        walkAnimator->PlayAnimation();
        walkAnimator->blendWeight = walkBlend;
    }

    // The clip for jumping. It plays once from takeoff and holds its last pose until it lands.
    void SetJumpAnimation(Animation* anim) {
        if (!jumpAnimator)
            jumpAnimator = AddAnimator(3);
        jumpAnimator->loops = false;
        jumpAnimator->holdsAtEnd = true;
        jumpAnimator->SetAnimation(anim);
        jumpAnimator->isPlaying = false;   // until it jumps
        jumpAnimator->blendWeight = 0.0f;
    }

    bool IsInAir() const { return inAir; }
    bool IsDashing() const { return dashWindup > 0.0f || dashLeft > 0.0f; }
    bool IsSprinting() const { return sprinting; }

    // Stops a dash where it is, like when it's hit
    void CancelDash();
    void StopDashAnimation();

    // Carries out one action. Movement actions only count for the frame they arrive in.
    void Perform(const CharacterAction& action);

    // Pushes the physics body toward walking speed along wherever it faces, from this frame's Move action.
    // speedFactor scales it, 0 stops it. The walk animation plays faster or slower to match.
    void ApplyMovement(bool grounded, float speedFactor, float dt, float referenceDt);

    // What this frame's Move action asked for, until ApplyMovement uses it up
    bool IsTryingToMove() const { return glm::length(wishDirection) > 0.0f; }

    // Turning and animation
    void Step(float dt);

    void SetWalking(bool walking);
    glm::vec3 GetForwardDirection() const;

    // Turns to face along direction, flattened. Walking turns it too, this is for while it stands still.
    // Instantly snaps round rather than turning over a few frames, for things that have to go the right way at once.
    void Face(const glm::vec3& direction, bool instantly = false);

private:
    glm::vec3 wishDirection = glm::vec3(0.0f);   // from this frame's Move action
    bool strafing = false;                       // facing somewhere it was told to, walking any way
    glm::vec3 turnDirection = glm::vec3(0.0f);   // where it's turning to face, kept after it stops
    bool walking = false;
    float walkBlend = 0.0f;                      // 0 = idle, 1 = walking
    bool jumpWanted = false;                     // from this frame's Jump action, until ApplyMovement uses it up
    bool inAir = false;
    float takeoffTime = 0.0f;                    // seconds it still counts as in the air after jumping, while the ground check catches up
    float windup = -1.0f;                        // game seconds until it leaves the ground, below 0 when it isn't about to jump
    float airBlend = 0.0f;                       // 0 = on the ground, 1 = the jump fully showing
    bool sprinting = false;                      // from this frame's Move action
    float dashWindup = 0.0f;                     // game seconds until the dash starts moving it
    float dashLeft = 0.0f;                       // game seconds of dash left, 0 when it isn't dashing
    float dashCooldownLeft = 0.0f;               // game seconds until it can dash again
    glm::vec3 dashDirection = glm::vec3(0.0f);
    std::vector<glm::mat4> blendedBones;

    // Per (base clip, layer clip): bone name -> what turns the layer's track into one relative to the bone's
    // real parent. Only bones whose parent differs between the two files have an entry.
    std::map<std::pair<const Animation*, const Animation*>, std::unordered_map<std::string, glm::mat4>> parentCorrections;

    void BlendBones(const AssimpNodeData& node, const glm::mat4& parentTransform);
    const std::unordered_map<std::string, glm::mat4>& GetParentCorrections(const Animation* layer);
};

class Character : public Object, public Renderable {
public:
    CharacterMind* mind = nullptr;   // what decides its actions, nullptr does nothing
    CharacterBody* body = nullptr;
    const CharacterTemplate* characterTemplate = nullptr;   // the kind of fighter it is, see ApplyTemplate
    std::string displayName;         // shown over its head and in menus, its name when empty
    Ragdoll* ragdoll = nullptr;   // when set, physics drives the rig instead of the animators
    SurfaceTexture surface;
    glm::vec4 colorOverride = glm::vec4(0.0f);  // rgb + strength (0 = keep the rig's own texture)
    float    visualScale = 1.4f;  // rig is ~1.8 tall natively; its physics box is 2.5
    float    metallic = 0.0f;
    float    roughness = 0.7f;
    float    ao = 1.0f;

    float maxHealth = 100.0f;
    bool  healsOnDeath = false;      // dying puts it straight back to full health instead

    float GetHealth() const { return health; }
    int   GetDeaths() const { return deaths; }   // how many times it's gone down, so things on it can tell it respawned
    bool  IsDead() const { return dead; }

    // Takes away health, dying at 0. Returns how much it actually lost.
    float TakeDamage(float amount);

    // Gives back health up to maxHealth, nothing for the dead. Returns how much it actually gained.
    float Heal(float amount);

    // Can't do anything for seconds of real time: no moving, turning, attacking or jumping, and whatever move it
    // was in is cut off. A longer stun replaces a shorter one, a shorter one does nothing.
    void Stun(float seconds);
    bool IsStunned() const { return stunLeft > 0.0f; }

    // Puts a status effect on it for seconds of real time, below 0 forever. Already on, the longer of the two stays.
    void AddStatus(StatusEffect::Type type, float seconds = -1.0f);
    void RemoveStatus(StatusEffect::Type type);
    bool HasStatus(StatusEffect::Type type) const;

    // Knocked to the floor for seconds of real time, unable to do anything. Only hits that hit the knocked down land.
    void Knockdown(float seconds);
    bool IsKnockedDown() const { return HasStatus(StatusEffect::Type::Knockdown); }
    bool CanAct() const;        // not stunned or held by a status effect
    bool DodgesHits() const;    // a status effect keeps ordinary hits off it
    bool IsInvulnerable() const;   // has iframes: a status effect keeps every hit off it
    bool HasHyperArmor() const;    // in a move that takes hits without flinching, being stunned or pushed about
    const std::vector<StatusEffect>& GetStatuses() const { return statuses; }

    // Recoils from a hit: whatever swing it was in is cut off and its flinch plays over everything, if it has one.
    // Nothing for the dead.
    void Flinch();

    // Goes down, stopping where it is, until it's revived, which the game does straight away somewhere else.
    // One that heals on death just goes back to full health where it is.
    void Die();

    // Back on its feet at full health, wherever its body box is
    void Revive();

    // Asks the mind for this frame's actions and hands them to the body. The dead don't think.
    void Think();

    // Moves the body from this frame's actions, slower while it's attacking
    void ApplyMovement(bool grounded, float dt, float referenceDt);

    glm::vec3 GetForwardDirection() const { return body->GetForwardDirection(); }
    const std::string& GetDisplayName() const { return displayName.empty() ? name : displayName; }

    // Where a bone of the clip playing on the action layer is in the world this frame, rotation and all.
    // Works for bones only that clip has, like a weapon bone. False unless animation is what's playing there.
    bool GetActionBoneTransform(const Animation* animation, const std::string& bone, glm::mat4& transform) const;

    // Where a bone is in the world this frame with every layer blended in, rotation and all.
    // False for a bone the rig doesn't have, or while it's a ragdoll.
    bool GetBoneTransform(const std::string& bone, glm::mat4& transform) const;
    void EnableRagdoll(Physics& physics);

    // Becomes that kind of fighter: its rig, animations, combo and stats, at full health unless it's dead.
    // Its looks, name and physics body are left alone.
    void ApplyTemplate(const CharacterTemplate& characterTemplate);

    // The box physics moves the character around with, sized by body->t's scale
    void CreatePhysicsBody(Physics& physics, float massKg);

    // Its physics body's group, so it never collides with anything else of its own
    int GetCollisionGroup();

    Character();
    void Render(Shader& shader) override;
    bool GetWorldBounds(BoundingBox& bounds) const override;

    void Step(float dt);

private:
    glm::mat4 GetRigMatrix() const;

    float health = 100.0f;
    int deaths = 0;
    float stunLeft = 0.0f;           // game seconds
    std::vector<StatusEffect> statuses;
    bool wasKnockedDown = false;     // last frame, so getting up stops the held pose
    bool dead = false;
    Physics* world = nullptr;        // the physics its body is in, for EnableRagdoll
    int collisionGroup = 0;
    std::vector<CharacterAction> pendingActions;
};
#endif