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biology/G11 Pre-AP Biology/9 Plants.md

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+[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]]
+
+Algae Divisions:
+* Chlorophyta:
+	* Closest relative to plantae.
+	* Green pigment.
+	* Chlorophyll A and B (plants have this too).
+	* Unicellular or multicellular.
+* Phaeophyta:
+	* Kelp.
+	* Multicellular.
+	* Can be large.
+* Pyrrophyta:
+* Chyrsophyta:
+* Rhodophyta:
+	* Red pigment.
+	* Able to live in deep waters.
+	* Absorbs longer wavelength.
+* Euglenophyta:
+
+Plants and algae comparison:
+* Autotrophs (chloroplasts).
+* Cell walls composed of cellulose.
+* Stores energy as starch.
+Contrast:
+* Algae have no true leaves or roots (may have holdfasts/flattened blades, air bladders hold them up).
+* Plants are mainly terrestrial, algae are aquatic (bad answer when contrasting).
+![[Pasted image 20260929112116.png]]
+
+Plants have adapted to live on land:
+* Cuticle to prevent drying out.
+* Vascular tissue to transport water.
+* Enclosed embryo (seeds) to prevent drying out.
+![[Pasted image 20260929112553.png]]
+
+Plant classification:
+* Non Vascular:
+	* No xylem/phloem.
+	* Grows low.
+	* Darker environment.
+	* Absorbs $H_2O$ through leaves.
+	* Moss.
+	* Liverworts.
+	* Hornworts.
+* Vascular:
+	* Roots help it grow taller.
+	* Seeds:
+		* Sexual reproduction, no water.
+		* Angiosperms:
+			* Flowers.
+			* Monocot:
+				* One cotyledon.
+				* Veins in parallel.
+				* Vascular tissue arranged in circle.
+				* Scattered vascular tissue.
+				* Petals multiple of 3.
+				* Fibrous.
+				* Examples include corn, grass, green onions.
+			* Dicot:
+				* Two cotyledons.
+				* Veins are branched.
+				* Xylem arranged in star shape.
+				* Vascular tissue arranged in ring.
+				* Petals in multiples of 4 or 5.
+				* Taproot.
+				* Examples include carrots and dandelions.
+		* Gymnosperms:
+			* Naked seeds.
+			* No ovary to protect seeds.
+	* No Seeds:
+		* Requires moist environment.
+		* Ferns:
+			* Releases spores.
+			* Requires sperm.