vault backup: 2026-11-09 11:22:16

2026-11-09 11:22:16 -05:00
parent de7bd1ef56
commit 4816e626bc
24 changed files with 150 additions and 48 deletions
@@ -321,16 +321,82 @@
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@@ -1 +1 @@
-[[biology]]
+[[bio]]
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]]
+[[Unit 1 Diversity of Living Things]]
 Non-living since:
 * Not capable of surviving on its own.
 * Acellular.
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]]
+[[Unit 1 Diversity of Living Things]]

 | Type of Nutrition | Description                                                                                                                                                     |
 | ----------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]]
+[[Unit 1 Diversity of Living Things]]
 Multicellular eukaryotes.
 Cells lack cell walls.
 Heterotrophs.
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]]
+[[Unit 1 Diversity of Living Things]]
 Cell theory:
 * All living things made up of one or more cells.
 * Basic unit of life.
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
- [[G11 Pre-AP Biology]]
+ [[Unit 1 Diversity of Living Things]]
 # Classification
 * Living things:
 	* Archaea:
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]]
+[[Unit 1 Diversity of Living Things]]
 Species is a group in organism that interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring. Flawed definition though, bacteria don't sexually reproduce, and there are separate species that are able to mate and create fertile children. 

 Three types of species:
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-6[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]]
+6[[Unit 1 Diversity of Living Things]]

 Types of diversity:
 - Genetic diversity.
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]]
+[[Unit 1 Diversity of Living Things]]
 Characteristics:
 * Mainly unicellular
 * Under Eukarya domain.
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]]
+[[Unit 1 Diversity of Living Things]]
 Algae Divisions:
 * Chlorophyta:
 	* Closest relative to plantae.
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]]
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]]
-
+[[Unit 2 Genetic Processes]]
 Three alleles determine blood type. A and B are co-dominant while O is recessive.

 Blood types are characterized by protein markers on membranes of red blood cells. These protein markers are called antigens or glycoproteins. 
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]]
+[[Unit 2 Genetic Processes]]
 Punnet squares determines if there is a significant relationship between observed data and expected data.

 Example begin:
@@ -75,5 +75,5 @@ Results are 200 purple wrinkled 200 purple smooth 190 yellow wrinkled 189 yellow
 | yellow smooth   | 189      | 195      | 0.1846              |
 |                 | 779      |          | 0.5692              |

-0.5692 is less than the critical value of 7.82, thus null hypothesis.12
+0.5692 is less than the critical value of 7.82, thus null hypothesis.

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]]
+[[Unit 2 Genetic Processes]]
 Human body cells have 46 chromosomes.

 Chromosome 23 is a sex chromosomes.
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]]
+[[Unit 2 Genetic Processes]]
 Traits are genetic characteristics.
 Alleles are alternate forms of a gene.
 Genotypes are the genetic make up of an organism.
 Phenotypes are traits that get expresssed.
-Homozyhous are 2 identical alleles of a gene.
+Homozygous are 2 identical alleles of a gene.
 Heterozygous are 2 different alleles of a gene.

 Gregor Mendel crossed 2 pea plants, of which were green and yellow, and expected the result to be greenish yellow. The resultings peas were yellow. He concluded that there is no blending effect. 
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]]
+[[Unit 2 Genetic Processes]]
 Mutation is any change to DNA in a cell.
 If a mutation occurs in a germ cell, it well get passed on to the next generation.
 Mutations aren't necessarily a detriment, it can also be beneficial or have no effect (silent mutations).
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]]
+[[Unit 2 Genetic Processes]]

 Incomplete dominance is when neither allele is dominant, therefore a heterozygous will have intermediate phenotypes between that of its homozygous parents.

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]]
+[[Unit 2 Genetic Processes]]

 Pedigree is a diagram of family relationships.

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]]
+[[Unit 2 Genetic Processes]]
 ![[Pasted image 20261015104528.png]]
-![[Pasted image 20261015104509.png]]Non-disjunction is the failure of chromosomes seperating.
+![[Pasted image 20261015104509.png]]
+Non-disjunction is the failure of chromosomes seperating.
 Aneuploidy is when the number of chromosomes is incorrect.
 Trisomy is an extra chromosome.
 Monosomy is missing chromosomes.
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]]
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+[[Unit 3 (TBD)]]
+
+Evolution is a change in the population.
+A scientific hypothesis is a possible explanation and is tested for validity.
+
+Leclerc/Compte de Buffon made the observation that apes and humans looked alike.
+Resulted in the idea that species change over time and that earth was a lot older than 6000 years.
+
+Anning discovered the first plesiosaur fossil.
+
+Cuvier discovered each layer of earth had a unique group of fossil species and that fossils provided evidence that new species appeared and others disappeared.
+Came up with the theory of catastrophism.
+Catastrophism: Large catastrophic evens killed species each time, allowing new ones to repopulate the area.
+
+Hutton hypothesized that changes on earth are slow and continuous.
+Lyell hypothesized uniformitariansm.
+Uniformitariansm: Natural processes witnessed today are the same that occurred in the past.
+- Slow changes can result into big changes over time.
+
+Lamarck hypothesized that species change over time because children inherit traits from parents. He hypothesized that body parts respond to changes in the environment which would be passed onto the next generation. Also thought that species progressively increase in complexity and perfection.
+
+Malthus wrote an essay on the principals of population, as size of population is limited by resources available, so the ones without resources will die.
+
+Darwin traveled to south america on the HMS beagle and made the observations:
+- Clusters of similar organisms in certain regions of the world, instead of being distributed randomly.
+- Similar tortoises on different islands but with slightly different traits, along with finches.
+- Modern day organisms look similar to extinct fossils in the same area.
+- Finches on islands resemble those in South America.
+- Humans breed dogs and pigeons for favorable traits, therefore traits must be inherited, and this selective favoring can occur in nature.
+Theory of evolution through natural selection:
+- There must be ==variation== in a population that is inherited.
+- There is competition between individuals of same species.
+- Struggle to survive, ones with the traits that increase their chance of survival will most likely ==survive and reproduce==, leaving the most offspring. (Survival of the fittest)
+- Darwin hypothesized descent with modifications, which is the idea that natural selection is ==situational== and that it gives ability to survive the current environment, there is no progression.
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]]