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+[[Unit 3 (TBD)]]
+
+Evolution is a change in the population.
+A scientific hypothesis is a possible explanation and is tested for validity.
+
+Leclerc/Compte de Buffon made the observation that apes and humans looked alike.
+Resulted in the idea that species change over time and that earth was a lot older than 6000 years.
+
+Anning discovered the first plesiosaur fossil.
+
+Cuvier discovered each layer of earth had a unique group of fossil species and that fossils provided evidence that new species appeared and others disappeared.
+Came up with the theory of catastrophism.
+Catastrophism: Large catastrophic evens killed species each time, allowing new ones to repopulate the area.
+
+Hutton hypothesized that changes on earth are slow and continuous.
+Lyell hypothesized uniformitariansm.
+Uniformitariansm: Natural processes witnessed today are the same that occurred in the past.
+- Slow changes can result into big changes over time.
+
+Lamarck hypothesized that species change over time because children inherit traits from parents. He hypothesized that body parts respond to changes in the environment which would be passed onto the next generation. Also thought that species progressively increase in complexity and perfection.
+
+Malthus wrote an essay on the principals of population, as size of population is limited by resources available, so the ones without resources will die.
+
+Darwin traveled to south america on the HMS beagle and made the observations:
+- Clusters of similar organisms in certain regions of the world, instead of being distributed randomly.
+- Similar tortoises on different islands but with slightly different traits, along with finches.
+- Modern day organisms look similar to extinct fossils in the same area.
+- Finches on islands resemble those in South America.
+- Humans breed dogs and pigeons for favorable traits, therefore traits must be inherited, and this selective favoring can occur in nature.
+Theory of evolution through natural selection:
+- There must be ==variation== in a population that is inherited.
+- There is competition between individuals of same species.
+- Struggle to survive, ones with the traits that increase their chance of survival will most likely ==survive and reproduce==, leaving the most offspring. (Survival of the fittest)
+- Darwin hypothesized descent with modifications, which is the idea that natural selection is ==situational== and that it gives ability to survive the current environment, there is no progression.