2026-08-13 17:56:31: chem of life

2026-08-13 17:56:33 -04:00
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-[[Macromolecules]]
+[[Macromolecules]]
+
+# General Overview
+essentially stores information, 2 types, dna (deoxyribonucleic acid) and rna (ribonucleic acid)
+
+# Structure
+dna and rna polymers consist of nucleotide chains called strands.
+
+2 distinct ends, one with 5' and one with 3', called five prime end and three prime end respectively. the five prime end has a phosphate and a three prime end with a hydroxyl group. when nucleic acids are synthesized, nucleotides are covalently bonded to the 3' end.
+
+dna is composed of 2 antiparralel strands, one runs 3' to 5', the other opposite. each strand is repeating nucleotide monomers. rna is just one strand.
+
+![[Pasted image 20260813171126.png]]
+
+each nucleotide has a backbone of sugar phosphate and a nitrogenous base. dnas have deoxyribose sugars while rnas have ribose sugars. they are both pentose, which means 5 carbons, and deoxyribose has one less oxygen at the second carbon.
+
+nucleotides have one of five nitrogenous bases, adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil. thymine is only in dna, uracil is only in rna.
+![[Pasted image 20260813171538.png]]
+the image shows a dna, with there being a deoxyribose backbone and nucleotides which are connected via hydrogen bonds, making them easy to separate when needed.
+
+adenine pairs with thymine (apple in the tree), guanine pairs with cytosine (car in the garage), in rna adenine pairs with uracil (apple in a uracil?)
+
+# Summary
+
+|Nucleic Acid|# of strands|Sugar|Nitrogenous Bases|
+|---|---|---|---|
+|DNA|2|deoxyribose|Cytosine  <br>Guanine  <br>Adenine  <br>Thymine|
+|RNA|1|ribose|Cytosine  <br>Guanine  <br>Adenine  <br>Uracil|