23 lines
1.4 KiB
Markdown
23 lines
1.4 KiB
Markdown
[[Organic Chemistry]]
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Simplest organic compounds are hydrocarbons, composed solely of carbon and hydrogen.
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Non-polar, as they contain only hydrogen and carbon.
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They are classified as aromatic or aliphatic. Aliphatic hydrocarbons have carbon atoms bonded in chains or rings, including straight chains and cyclic alkenes, alkanes and alkynes. Aromatic hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons based on aromatic benzene group.
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Alkanes are hydrocarbons that only contain single bonds, alkenes contain double bonds and alkynes contain triple bonds.
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Alkanes in the shape of a ring are called cycloalkanes. Alkanes not in the shape of rings have formula $C_nH_{2n+2}$. Cycloalkanes are in the shape of rings and have the formula $C_nH_{2n}$. Straight chain alkenes with one double bond have the same formula as cycloalkanes. Straight chain alkynes with one triple bond have the formula $C_nH_{2n-2}$.
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Functional groups are groups of reactive bonded atoms that appear in all members of a family. Reactive double bonds are the functional group of alkenes.
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# Naming Organic Compounds
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Naming organic compounds usually follows the pattern of prefix + root + suffix.
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Root names:
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| Number of Carbon atoms | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
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| ---------------------- | ---- | --- | ---- | --- | ---- | --- | ---- | --- | --- | --- |
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| Root | meth | eth | prop | but | pent | hex | hept | oct | non | dec |
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