81 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
81 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
[[chemistry]]
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**"a charged chemical species composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded or of a metal complex, that can be considered to be acting as a single unit"
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H stable at a duet 2d
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Be stable at a tetrad 4e
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B stable at a sextet 6e
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| **Name** | **Formula** |
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| ---------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| **Polyatomic ions (carrying negative charge)** | |
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| Hydroxide | OH [Matter and Chemical Bonding]]<br><br>add or remove valence e according to charge<br><br>H stable at a duet 2d<br>Be stable at a tetrad 4e<br>B stable at a sextet 6e<br>all other elements in pe 1 and 2 require octets 8e (common ball)<br>per 3 and below can go above an octet (common ball)<br><br><br><br>– |
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| Acetate | CH3COO – |
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| Cyanide | CN – |
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| Chlorate | ClO3 – |
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| Chlorite | ClO2 – |
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| Nitrate | NO3 – |
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| Nitrite | NO2 – |
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| Hypochlorite | OCl – |
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| Hypobromite | OBr – |
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| Iodate | IO3 – |
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| Bisulphite | HSO3 – |
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| Bisulphate | HSO4 – |
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| Permanganate | MnO4 – |
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| Thiocyanate | SCN – |
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| Hydrogen carbonate | HCO 3– |
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| Carbonate | CO3 2- |
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| Sulphate | SO4 2- |
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| Sulphite | SO3 2- |
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| Oxalate | C2O4 2- |
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| Silicate | SiO3 2- |
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| Manganate | MnO4 2- |
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| Thiosulphate | S2O3 2- |
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| Chromate | CrO4 2- |
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| Dichromate | Cr2O7 2- |
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| Phosphate | PO4 3- |
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| Phosphite | PO3 3- |
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| Aluminate | AlO3 3- |
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| Arsenite | AsO3 3- |
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| Arsenate | AsO4 3- |
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| Borate | BO3 3- |
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| Pyrophosphate | P2O7 4- |
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| **Polyatomic ions (carrying positive charge)** | |
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| Ammonium | NH 4+ |
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## List of monatomic ions
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- The ions made of a single atom are called **simple ions or monatomic ions**.
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| **Name** | **Formula** |
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| --------------------------------------------- | ----------- |
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| **Monatomic ions (carrying positive charge)** | |
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| Hydrogen | H+ |
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| Potassium | K+ |
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| Sodium | Na+ |
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| Silver | Ag+ |
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| Cuprous | Cu+ |
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| Aurous | Au+ |
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| Barium | Ba2+ |
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| Calcium | Ca2+ |
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| Magnesium | Mg2+ |
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| Cupric | Cu2+ |
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| Ferrous | Fe2+ |
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| Stannous | Sn2+ |
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| Mercuric | Hg2+ |
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| Zinc | Zn2+ |
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| Plumbous | Pb2+ |
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| Aluminum | Al3+ |
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| Ferric | Fe3+ |
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| Auric | Au3+ |
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| Arseneous | As3+ |
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| Plumbic | Pb4+ |
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| Stannic | Sn4+ |
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| **Monatomic ions (carrying negative charge)** | |
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| Chloride | Cl– |
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| Bromide | Br – |
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| Iodide | I– |
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| Oxide | O2- |
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| Sulphide | S2- |
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| Nitride | N3- |
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| Phosphide | P3- | |