1.4 KiB
chemistry of life covalents are 0-0.5 difference in electronegativities polar covalents are 0.5 - 2 Ionics are 2+
hydrogen bonds are when a hydrogen atom in one molecule is highly attracted to an atom with high electronegativity in another molecule. hydrogen bonds are rather weak, water uses hydrogen bonds
properties of water:
- cohesion
- adhesion
- high heat capacity
- high surface tension
adhesion is a result of the polarity, as the imbalance of charge allows the molecules to bind to other things easily
high heat capacity results from heat energy being used to break and disrupt the hydrogen bonds, inadvertently losing some of the heat
surface tension results from hydrogen bonds
ph
ph measures how acidic or basic a solution is
!"==Acids== donate protons (Hydrogens) to ==bases==, which are hydrogen/proton acceptors. Let’s use the self ionization of water pictured above as an example. One of the water molecules is acting as an acid and donating an H+ ion (proton) to the other water molecule, which is the base. This forms a hydronium ion (H3O+) and a hydroxide ion (OH−)."
solutions with more hydroniums than hydroxides are acidic, and the other way
!
pH=-\log[H^+]
where H^+ is the hydronium concentration in the solution
pH has an opposite, pOH by definition the pH + pOH of a solution will always equal 14