Summary

Net force equals \vec F_{net}=\frac{\Delta \vec p}{\Delta t}
Impulse is average force over time interval: \vec J = \vec F_{avg}\Delta t
Impulse-momentum theory is impulse = change in momentum: \vec J=\Delta \vec p = \vec p-\vec p_0
Integral of a force vs time graph equals impulse, slope of momentum vs time graph = net force
Impulse units are N * s (kg * m/s)
When mass is constant F=ma comes from Impulse-Momentum theory

Term	Definition
axis of rotation	The fixed line about which a system rotates.
force component perpendicular	The portion of an applied force that acts at a right angle to the position vector from the axis of rotation.
force diagram	A diagram used to represent and analyze the forces and torques exerted on a rigid system, showing the magnitude, direction, and point of application of each force relative to the axis of rotation.
free-body diagram	A visual representation that shows all forces exerted on an object or system, with each force drawn as a vector originating from the object's center of mass.
lever arm	The perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation to the line of action of an applied force.
line of action	The straight line along which a force acts, extending infinitely in both directions.
perpendicular force	The component of a force that is perpendicular to the position vector, which directly contributes to torque production.
position vector	A vector drawn from the axis of rotation to the point where a force is applied on a rigid system.
rigid system	A system that holds its shape but in which different points on the system move in different directions during rotation.
torque	A measure of the rotational effect of a force on a rigid system, calculated as the product of the force and its perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation.