obsidianvault/chemistry/polyatomic ions.md

chemistry

**"a charged chemical species composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded or of a metal complex, that can be considered to be acting as a single unit"

H stable at a duet 2d Be stable at a tetrad 4e B stable at a sextet 6e

Name	Formula
Polyatomic ions (carrying negative charge)
Hydroxide	OH [Matter and Chemical Bonding]] add or remove valence e according to charge H stable at a duet 2d Be stable at a tetrad 4e B stable at a sextet 6e all other elements in pe 1 and 2 require octets 8e (common ball) per 3 and below can go above an octet (common ball)   –
Acetate	CH3COO –
Cyanide	CN –
Chlorate	ClO3 –
Chlorite	ClO2 –
Nitrate	NO3 –
Nitrite	NO2 –
Hypochlorite	OCl –
Hypobromite	OBr –
Iodate	IO3 –
Bisulphite	HSO3 –
Bisulphate	HSO4 –
Permanganate	MnO4 –
Thiocyanate	SCN –
Hydrogen carbonate	HCO 3–
Carbonate	CO3 2-
Sulphate	SO4 2-
Sulphite	SO3 2-
Oxalate	C2O4 2-
Silicate	SiO3 2-
Manganate	MnO4 2-
Thiosulphate	S2O3 2-
Chromate	CrO4 2-
Dichromate	Cr2O7 2-
Phosphate	PO4 3-
Phosphite	PO3 3-
Aluminate	AlO3 3-
Arsenite	AsO3 3-
Arsenate	AsO4 3-
Borate	BO3 3-
Pyrophosphate	P2O7 4-
Polyatomic ions (carrying positive charge)
Ammonium	NH 4+

List of monatomic ions

• The ions made of a single atom are called simple ions or monatomic ions.

Name	Formula
Monatomic ions (carrying positive charge)
Hydrogen	H+
Potassium	K+
Sodium	Na+
Silver	Ag+
Cuprous	Cu+
Aurous	Au+
Barium	Ba2+
Calcium	Ca2+
Magnesium	Mg2+
Cupric	Cu2+
Ferrous	Fe2+
Stannous	Sn2+
Mercuric	Hg2+
Zinc	Zn2+
Plumbous	Pb2+
Aluminum	Al3+
Ferric	Fe3+
Auric	Au3+
Arseneous	As3+
Plumbic	Pb4+
Stannic	Sn4+
Monatomic ions (carrying negative charge)
Chloride	Cl–
Bromide	Br –
Iodide	I–
Oxide	O2-
Sulphide	S2-
Nitride	N3-
Phosphide	P3-