28 lines
1.6 KiB
Markdown
28 lines
1.6 KiB
Markdown
[[Macromolecules]]
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# General Overview
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essentially stores information, 2 types, dna (deoxyribonucleic acid) and rna (ribonucleic acid)
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# Structure
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dna and rna polymers consist of nucleotide chains called strands.
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2 distinct ends, one with 5' and one with 3', called five prime end and three prime end respectively. the five prime end has a phosphate and a three prime end with a hydroxyl group. when nucleic acids are synthesized, nucleotides are covalently bonded to the 3' end.
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dna is composed of 2 antiparralel strands, one runs 3' to 5', the other opposite. each strand is repeating nucleotide monomers. rna is just one strand.
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![[Pasted image 20260813171126.png]]
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each nucleotide has a backbone of sugar phosphate and a nitrogenous base. dnas have deoxyribose sugars while rnas have ribose sugars. they are both pentose, which means 5 carbons, and deoxyribose has one less oxygen at the second carbon.
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nucleotides have one of five nitrogenous bases, adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil. thymine is only in dna, uracil is only in rna.
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![[Pasted image 20260813171538.png]]
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the image shows a dna, with there being a deoxyribose backbone and nucleotides which are connected via hydrogen bonds, making them easy to separate when needed.
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adenine pairs with thymine (apple in the tree), guanine pairs with cytosine (car in the garage), in rna adenine pairs with uracil (apple in a uracil?)
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# Summary
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|Nucleic Acid|# of strands|Sugar|Nitrogenous Bases|
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|---|---|---|---|
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|DNA|2|deoxyribose|Cytosine <br>Guanine <br>Adenine <br>Thymine|
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|RNA|1|ribose|Cytosine <br>Guanine <br>Adenine <br>Uracil| |