49 lines
466 KiB
Markdown
49 lines
466 KiB
Markdown
[[G11 Pre-AP Biology]]
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Non-living since:
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* Not capable of surviving on its own.
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* Acellular.
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* No cytoplasm, ribosomes, or membrane bound organelles.
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* Doesn't produce energy (no metabolism).
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* No self reproduction.
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* No homeostasis.
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Essentially structures with genetic material (nucleic acid) and protein coating (capsid).
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![[Pasted image 20260911203414.png|336]]
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Bacteriophages are complex viruses which attach to bacteria.
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Replicates doesn't reproduce.
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Instructs host cell to make copies of virus DNA
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Viroids are viruses without capsids.
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Prions are proteins that cause cells to misfold.
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Lytic cycle:
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- Cycle:
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* Virus attaches to host cell (either enters or inserts)
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* Tricks host cell to making copies of viral DNA/viral parts
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* Host cell assembles new viruses
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* Host cell releases new virus (some hosts will lysis)
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* Make viruses and then releases them
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* Takes pieces of membrane with it
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![[Pasted image 20260911112321.png|371]]
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Lysogenic cycle:
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* Cycle:
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* Virus attaches to host cell
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* Injects DNA
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* Viral DNA integrates with host cells DNA (other viruses just enter nucleus)
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* Host cell invokes mitosis (binary fission)
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* Thus more host cells with viral DNA
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* Virus stays dormant
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* Provirus: Viral DNA attaches to DNA
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* Leads into lytic cycle
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* Specific to bacteriophages,
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# Classification
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* Size and shape
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* Type of nucleic acid
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* Presence/absence of outer envelope
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# Diagram
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Tail fiber shapes allow bacteriophages to infect different types of bacteria.
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Protein spike shapes allow it to enter different cells.
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Capsid acts as a protein protective coating.
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Nucleic acid which is either DNA or RNA.
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Protein spikes/glycoprotein which allows them to enter different types of cells.
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![[Pasted image 20260911111837.png]] |